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The Center for Translational Vision Research Distinguished Speaker Series, also known as "Friday Seminars" showcases innovative research across the world. The seminar series has now been expanded to include lectures by experts on topics ranging from Ophthalmology, Genetics, Biochemistry, Neurobiology, Imaging, Computational Sciences to Novel Ophthalmic Treatments.
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Visual perception begins when a photon is captured by an opsin pigment in a rod or cone cell. This causes photoisomerization of the retinaldehyde chromophore from 11cRAL to atRAL, converting opsin to its signaling state. Shortly after, the active opsin decays, releasing free atRAL. Sensitivity is only restored to the resulting apo-opsin when it combines with another 11cRAL to form a new pigment. Our laboratory is interested in the biochemical processes that convert atRAL back to 11cRAL. The genes for several proteins of the visual cycle are affected in human inherited retinal and macular degenerations. We are working to understand what these proteins normally do for a living, and how loss of function causes blindness in people with disease-causing mutations. We are also interested in how the visual opsins maintain light sensitivity under daylight conditions where the photon fluxes and hence chromophore-consumption rates are millions-fold higher than at night. We have discovered several processes that are hugely stimulated by visible light. The action spectra for these light-induced molecular events provides interesting clues. We have several exciting projects open to study how natural light exposure affects the dynamics of visual retinoids. Our lab employs a wide range of methodologies and makes extensive use of genetically modified mice.
Recent Publications
Morshedian, A., Kaylor, J.J., Ng, S.Y., Tsan, A., Frederiksen, R., Xu T., Yuan, L., Sampath, A.P., Radu, R.A., Fain, G.L., Travis, G.H. (2019) Light-Driven Regeneration of Cone Visual Pigments through a Mechanism Involving RGR Opsin in Müller Glial Cells. Neuron 102(6):1172-1183. PMID: 31056353.
Lenis, T.L., Hu, J., Ng, S.Y., Jiang, Z., Sarfare, S., Lloyd, M.B., Esposito, N.J., Samuel, W., Jaworski, C., Bok, D., Finnemann, S.C., Radeke, M.J., Redmond, T.M., Travis, G.H., Radu, R.A. Expression of ABCA4 in the retinal pigment epithelium and its implications for Stargardt macular degeneration. (2018) Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 115(47):E11120-E11127. PMID: 30397118.
Cook, J.D., Ng, S.Y., Lloyd, M., Eddington, S., Sun, H., Nathans, J., Bok, D., Radu, R.A., and Travis, G.H., Peropsin Modulates Transit of Vitamin a from Retina to Retinal Pigment Epithelium. (2018) J Biol Chem, 292(52): 21407-21416. PMID: 29109151.
Kaylor, J.J., Xu, T., Ingram, N.T., Tsan, A, Hakobyan, H., Fain, G.L, and Travis, G.H. (2017). Blue light regenerates functional visual pigments in mammals through a retinyl-phospholipid intermediate. Nature Communications 8:16 (2017) 10.1038/s41467-017-00018-4. PMID: 28473692.
Kaylor, J.J., Radu, R.A., Bischoff, N., Makshanoff, J., Hu, J., Lloyd, M., Eddington, S., Bianconi, T., Bok, D. and Travis, G.H. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase type-1 synthesizes retinyl esters in the retina and retinal pigment epithelium. (2015) PloS One 10: e0125921. PMID: 25974161.
Kaylor, J.J., Cook, J.D., Makshanoff, J., Bischoff, N., Yong, J. & Travis, G.H. Identification of the 11-cis-specific retinyl-ester synthase in retinal Müller cells as multifunctional O-acyltransferase (MFAT). (2014) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 111: 7302-7307. PMID: 24799687.
Kaylor, J.J., Yuan, Q., Cook, J., Sarfare, S., Makshanoff, J., Miu, A., Kim, A., Kim, P., Habib, S., Roybal, C.N., Xu, T., Nusinowitz, S., and Travis, G.H., Identification of DES1 as a vitamin A isomerase in Muller glial cells of the retina (2013) Nature Chemical Biology 9: 30-6. PMID: 23143414.